[Note 6] Unable to arrange a union between Cesare and the daughter of King Frederick IV of Naples (who had succeeded Ferdinand II the previous year), he induced Frederick by threats to agree to a marriage between the Duke of Bisceglie, a natural son of Alfonso II, and Lucrezia. Alexander welcomed them into Rome, declaring that they were "permitted to lead their life, free from interference from Christians, to continue in their own rites, to gain wealth, and to enjoy many other privileges". Since, however, we have been most happy to learn from certain cardinals and from your letter that you are ready to submit yourself to the reproofs of the Church, as becomes a Christian and a religious, we are beginning to think that what you have done has not been done with an evil motive, but from a certain simple-mindedness and a zeal, however misguided, for the Lord's vineyard. Peter de Roo, as quoted by N. M. Gwynne in. Similar rites were held at the other patriarchal basilicas. [6] He was named for his paternal grandfather, Rodrigo Gil de Borja y Fennolet. Pamphili succeeded Pope Urban VIII (1623–44) on 15 September 1644 as Pope Innocent X, after a contentious papal conclave that featured a rivalry between French and Spanish factions. He's known mostly for corruption: selling off church offices, marrying his illegitimate children into the Medici family (he paid by giving a cardinalship to the bride's thirteen-year-old brother! On the eve of the death of Pope Innocent VIII in 1492, a fierce political battle rages inside the Vatican walls over who will become the next pope. Cesare, by an act of treachery, then seized the ringleaders at Senigallia and put Oliverotto da Fermo and Vitellozzo Vitelli to death (31 December 1502). Then he ended the Mass at which were present five cardinals, Serra, Juan and Francesco Borgia, Casanova and Loris. [43][44][45] Morales Padron (1979) concludes that these bulls gave power to enslave the natives. Cesare tells his conquest he is a cleric by day but whatever he wants by night. Alexander VI also, in 1501, approved the University of Valencia. 24 March 1437) and his Aragonese wife and distant cousin Isabel de Borja y Cavanilles (died 19 October 1468), daughter of Juan Domingo de Borja y Doncel. Following the death of Alexander VI, Julius II said on the day of his election: "I will not live in the same rooms as the Borgias lived. But a promise of French help quickly forced the confederates to come to terms. [47] Other later popes, such as Pope Paul III in Sublimis Deus (1537), Pope Benedict XIV in Immensa Pastorium (1741), and Pope Gregory XVI in his letter In supremo apostolatus (1839), continued to condemn slavery. Alternatively, it has been argued that Rodrigo's father was Jofré de Borja y Escrivà, making Rodrigo a Borja from his mother and father's side. It seems that they did not. It was probably only because they could not agree on an Italian successor to Nicholas V that the elderly Callistus had been elected; one who, in all probability, would not live long. This page was last edited on 7 April 2020, at 16:31 (UTC). Two Hundred Thirteenth Pope: Innocent VIII - 0 comments Innocent VIII never lived up to his name. This policy brought Ferdinand I, King of Naples, into conflict with Alexander, who was also opposed by Cardinal della Rovere, whose candidature for the papacy had been backed by Ferdinand. Successor: Pope Alexander VI: Personal details; Birth name: Giovanni Battista Cibo: Born: 1432 Genoa: Died: July 25, 1492 Rome: Other Popes named Innocent. As De Maistre said in his work Du Pape, "The latter are forgiven nothing, because everything is expected from them, wherefore the vices lightly passed over in a Louis XIV become most offensive and scandalous in an Alexander VI. [81], "Rodrigo de Borja" redirects here. When Rodrigo de Borgia was elected pope as Alexander VI following the death of Innocent VIII, his son Cesare Borgia "inherited" the post as second archbishop of Valencia. Both nepotistic appointments were characteristic of the age. Print. The door, in turn, was replaced in 1950 by the bronze door, which is still in use. Della Rovere and the French Ambassador solidify their alliance and call the pope "a Mitered Ape." Out in the courtyard, siblings Cesare and Lucrezia share an intimate moment speaking of the future, marriage, and their destiny as children of an ambitious Renaissance cardinal. "Were the Borgias Really So Bad? When the Orsini offered to admit the French to their castles, Alexander had no choice but to come to terms with Charles. On the Feast of the Epiphany in 1501, two cardinals began to seal the holy door with two bricks, one silver and one gold. [Note 4] (When cardinals died, their wealth automatically reverted to the Church.) 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