Which of the following features could be found in more exotic grottos? It was built as a resting place for the pope and was conceived as a place of entertainment rather than as permanent home. His uncle enabled the future Julius to study under the Franciscans in Perugia. During his career, he distinguished himself as a brilliant canonist rather than as a theologian.[2]. What is the Tempietto, seen below? Pope Julius III was born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte in Rome in 1487. Pope Julius II was known as the "Warrior Pope" because he was a true successor of Gaius Julius Caesar. He chose his papal name, not in honour of Pope Julius I, but in emulation of Julius Caesar. After a career as a distinguished and effective diplomat, he was elected to the papacy as a compromise candidate after the death of Paul III. Del Monte was the nephew of Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte, Archbishop of Manfredonia (1506–1511). Like his father, who was a well-known jurist, he studied law. The cardinals Reginald Pole and Giovanni Carafa warned the pope of the "evil suppositions to which the elevation of a fatherless young man would give rise". Pope Julius III (Latin: Iulius III; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 February 1550 to his death in 1555. [2] Pope Paul III made him Cardinal-bishop of Palestrina in 1536 and employed him in several important legations, notably as papal legate and first president of the Council of Trent (1545/47) and then at Bologna (1547/48). As a cardinal, he served as co-president of the Council of Trent in 1545, with cardinals Cervini (later Pope Marcellus II) and Pole. He chose Julius as his papal name in honor of Pope Julius III (1940-1952). Popular for his affable manner and respected for his administrative skills, he was twice Governor of Rome and was entrusted by the papal curia with several duties. It was considered to be one of the holiest sights in Europe 2) The pope who had an affair that led to a son (who would also become pope) 3) The shocking and evil scandal of Pope Julius III. Julius is the third youngest Pope to be elected at the age of 77 and the 109th from Fabria. Pope Julius III reigned over the papal court, entirely at the mercy of his young lover. Corrections? Giuliano's chance of being elected was now better than at any previous election. In fulfilment of promises made in the conclave, Julius restored Parma to Ottavio Farnese a few days after his accession. With his help, the cousins assemble an army. Julius III was a Tuscan, which explained Cosimo de Medici's anxiety to secure his election. He was a lover of war, who led his own armies; and a lover of art, commissioning some of the greatest works in western history: Raphael's decorated rooms in the Vatican and Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling. Raphael, Portrait of Pope Julius II, 1511, oil on poplar, 108.7 x 81 cm (National Gallery, London) Speakers: Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker The pope's lack of interest in political or ecclesiastical affairs caused dismay among his contemporaries. In one of his first undertakings as pope, the besotted Julius rewarded the uneducated and … 216 th Pontiff (1503-1513). Pope Julius III (Latin: Julius Tertius; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 222nd Pope from February 1550 until his death in 1555. He underwent temporary banishment following the murder of two men who had insulted him, and then again following the rape of two women. "[10], Despite the damage which the scandal was inflicting on the church, it was not until after Julius' death in 1555 that anything could be done to curb Innocenzo's visibility. Pope Julius III : biography 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555 Shortly before his death, Julius dispatched Cardinal Giovanni Morone to represent the interests of the Holy See at the Peace of Augsburg.Kenneth Meyer Setton, The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571, Vol. [3] Ottavio Farnese, whose support had been crucial to the election, was immediately confirmed as Duke of Parma. A fountain or pool. Expecting to find the New Jerusalem, he found an open sewer instead! Julius II is known to be a causing contributor to the reformation, as his focus on the arts and politics alienated northern Europe. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Borgia pope was followed by Pius III, who lived only a month after taking the chair. Burkle-Young, Francis A., and Michael Leopoldo Doerrer. The Innocenzo scandal Julius’s papacy […] Julius III, born Giovanni Maria del Monte, Roman Catholic Pope from 1550 to 1555, was born on the 10th of September 1487. All the way up to the sixteenth century, there have been at least another 16 pedophile Popes known to historians, the last being a certain Pope Julius III (1487-1555). In 1520, del Monte also became Bishop of Pavia. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Pope, (Latin papa, from Greek pappas, “father”), the title, since about the 9th century, of the bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. They head for Florence. Julius showered his favourite with benefices, including the commendatario of the abbeys of Mont Saint-Michel in Normandy and Saint Zeno in Verona, and, later, of the abbeys of Saint Saba, Miramondo, Grottaferrata and Frascati, among others. Why was it so shocking when Pope Julius II wanted to demolish St. Peter's Basilica? In 1551, at the request of Emperor Charles V, he consented to the reopening of the council of Trent and entered into a league against the duke of Parma and Henry II of France (1547–59), causing the War of Parma. This page was last edited on 28 December 2020, at 17:25. Omissions? In the novel Q by Luther Blissett, Julius appears toward the end of the book as a moderate cardinal favouring religious tolerance, in the upheavals caused by the Reformation and the Roman Church's response during the 16th century. The sick and aged Francesco Piccolomini ascended the papal throne as Pius III, but died on 18 October, 1503, after a reign of only twenty-six days. He spent the bulk of his time, and a great deal of papal money, on entertainments at the Villa Giulia, created for him by Vignola, but more significant and lasting was his patronage of the great Renaissance composer Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, whom he brought to Rome as his maestro di cappella, Giorgio Vasari, who supervised the design of the Villa Giulia, and Michelangelo, who worked there. Achievements as pope. The pope died and political unrest followed. His election as pope and the subsequent unleashing of the Inquisition form the last chapters of the novel. It was formerly given, especially from the 3rd to the 5th century, to any bishop and sometimes to simple priests as an ecclesiastical title…. Historical Events. His patronage of Renaissance thought led him to reform the Roman University, to build the Church of St. Andrew in Rome, and to appoint Palestrina choirmaster of St. Peter’s, with Michelangelo as the church’s principal architect. Julius III (1487 – 1555), was a career diplomat who became pope and head of the Papal States from 1550 until his death five years later. As a cardinal, he served as co-president of the Council of Trent in 1545, with cardinals Cervini (later Pope Marcellus II) and Pole. Julius III, original name Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, (born Sept. 10, 1487, Rome [Italy]—died March 23, 1555, Rome), pope from 1550 to 1555. The Farnese cardinal’s diplomatic skills made him an invaluable aid to the five pontiffs in whose election he participated—Pius III, Julius II, Leo X, Adrian VI, and Clement VII—before he himself emerged as the Roman pontiff on Oct. 13, 1534. Shortly before his death, Julius dispatched Cardinal Giovanni Morone to represent the interests of the Holy See at the Peace of Augsburg. The new pope took the name of Julius III. Raphael, Portrait of Pope Julius II, 1511, oil on poplar, 108.7 x 81 cm (National Gallery, London) Speakers: Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker. Pope Julius III had a great interest in this construction and spent huge amounts of money for the completion of the town. The Venetian ambassador at that time reported that Innocenzo shared the pope's bed. He was choleric but had a good-natured and forgiving disposition. Born Giuliano della Rovere on December 5, 1443 in Albissola (in the Savona region), he was the nephew of the future Pope Sixtus IV, Francesco della Rovere. In the mid-16th century with the Inquisition, the Catholic Church began to cover … [6], Julius increasingly contented himself with Italian politics and retired to his luxurious palace at the Villa Giulia, which he had built for himself close to the Porta del Popolo. During his pontificate, Catholicism was restored in England under Queen Mary in 1553. Pope Julius III (Latin: Iulius III; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from 7 February 1550 to his death in 1555. Unfortunately, military and political problems led to its second suspension in 1552. 1550-02-07 Giovanni Maria del Monte elected Pope Julius III; 1550-11-14 Pope Julius III proclaims new seat on Council of Trente; 1551-06-08 Pope Julius III excommunicates Duke Ottario Farnese of Parma; 1553-08-12 Pope Julius III orders confiscation & burning of Jewish Talmud; 1554-11-30 England reconciles with Pope Julius III His reputation, and that of the Catholic Church, were greatly harmed by his scandal-ridden relationship with his adopted nephew, Innocenzo Ciocchi Del Monte. With the help of some judicious simony, Giuliano was elected to succeed Pius on September 22, 1502. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. In 1511, monk Martin Luther visited Roma. Which of these artists designed the Great Grotto in Boboli Gardens? E. Joe Johnson, Idealized male friendship in French narrative from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment, p69. He was the son of a famous Roman jurist, studied jurisprudence at Perugia and Siena, and theology under the Dominican, Ambrosius Catharinus. The Romans proclaimed that if Pope Julius II had not been a great pope, he had been a good king.. Giuliano della Rovere, born in poverty at Albisola in Liguria in 1443, became one of the most powerful of the Renaissance popes. The portrait shows Giuliano della Rovere, Pope Julius II, elected in 1503 after one of the shortest conclaves ever (he bribed everyone). glbtq.com. At the Sack of Rome (1527) he was one of the hostages given by Pope Clement VII to the Emperor's forces, and barely escaped execution. Pope Julius II. He attended the universities of Perugia and Siena. Pope Julius III (; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was the head of the Catholic Church from 7 February 1550 to his death in 1555. IV, (The American Philosophical Society, 1984), 603. He lived mostly in a beautiful villa just outside the Porta del Popolo. Julius III February 7, 1550 - March 23, 1555 . 1) The pope who dug up his predecessor and mutilated his corpse. He was buried in Rome in the Del Monte family chapel. Distinguished as an effective diplomat, he was elected to the papacy as a compromise candidate after the death of Paul III. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes, "Notorious Cardinals: A Rogue's Gallery of Powerful Prelates", International Alliance of Catholic Knights, Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution, Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart, Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII, Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pope_Julius_III&oldid=996795049, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using S-rel template with ca parameter, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Pope Julius II was head of the Roman Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death in 1513. Updates? He tried to use his connections in the College of Cardinals to plead his cause, but his influence waned, and he died in obscurity. USA, 2003, Hor di questo nuovo papa universalmente se ne dice molto male; che egli è vitioso, superbo, rotto et di sua testa", Lettere di Girolamo Muzio Giustinopolitano conservate nell'archivio governativo di Parma, Deputazione di Storia Patria, Parma 1864, p. 152, See The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church – Biographical Dictionary – Pope Julius III (1550–1555) – Consistory of 30 May 1550 (I) for a summary of Innocenzo Del Monte's life based on Francis Burkle-Young and Michael Leopoldo Doerrer's authoritative biography, "The life of Cardinal Innocenzo del Monte", Ott, Michael. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [9] His inactivity during the last three years of his pontificate may have been caused by the frequent and severe attacks of gout. From there he passed the time in comfort, emerging from time to time to make timid efforts to reform the Church through the reestablishment of the reform commissions. Innocenzo del Monte was a teenaged beggar found in the streets of Parma who was hired by the family as a lowly hall boy in their primary residence,[10] the boy's age being variously given as 14, 15, or 17 years. To ensure his success he made great promises to the cardinals, and did not hesitate to … Buontalenti. 13 terms. One outcome of the cardinal-nephew scandal, however, was the upgrading of the position of Papal Secretary of State, as the incumbent had to take over the duties Innocenzo Del Monte was unfit to perform: the Secretary of State eventually replaced the cardinal-nephew as the most important official of the Holy See.[16]. He was educated by the humanist Raffaele Brandolini Lippo, and later studied law at Perugia and Siena. Pope Julius III (Latin: Iulius III; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 February 1550 to his death in 1555. Crompton, Louis (2004). The Farnese faction, loyal to the family of the previous Pope, supported the election of Paul III's grandson, Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, and also the family's claim to the Duchy of Parma, which was contested by Emperor Charles V. Neither the French nor the Germans favoured del Monte, and the Emperor had expressly excluded him from the list of acceptable candidates, but the French were able to block the other two factions, allowing del Monte to promote himself as a compromise candidate and be elected on 7 February 1550. The first thing the new Pope Julius II did was to decree that any future papal election that had anything to do with simony would be invalid. However, Julius soon came to terms with the duke and France and in 1553 suspended the meetings of the council. In Italy, it was said that Julius showed the impatience of a "lover awaiting a mistress" while awaiting Innocenzo's arrival in Rome and boasted of the boy's prowess in bed, while the Venetian ambassador reported that Innocenzo Del Monte shared the pope's bed "as if he [Innocenzo] were his [Julius'] own son or grandson. Even after Julius III suspended the Council again he proceeded to bully the pope into taking his side against the Habsburgs by threatening schism. Thomas Beard, in the Theatre of God's judgement (1597) saying it was Julius' "custome ... to promote none to ecclesiastical livings, save only his buggerers". Elected pope on Feb. 7, 1550, he realized that a reform of the church was urgent, and he appointed a commission that recommended resumption of the Council of Trent, which Julius reopened on May 1, 1551. A tomb for Pope Julius. Julius sent Cardinal Reginald Pole as legate with powers that he could use at his discretion to help the restoration succeed. ... Art History: The Movement III: Painting. Julius III, POPE (GIAMMARIA CIOCCHI DEL MONTE), b. at Rome, September 10, 1487; d. there, March 23, 1555. Pope Julius III (1550–1555) He was accused of having a love affair with his nephew. [5], Henry had threatened to withdraw recognition from the Pope if the new Pope was pro-Habsburg in orientation, and when Julius III reconvened the Council of Trent, Henry blocked French bishops from attending and did not enforce the papal decrees in France. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope or the Fearsome Pope, he chose his papal name not in honour of Pope Julius I but in emulation of Julius Caesar. "[12][15] "The charitably-disposed told themselves the boy might after all be simply his bastard son. [4], Julius' papacy was marked by scandals, the most notable of which is centered around the pope's adoptive nephew, Innocenzo Ciocchi Del Monte. The ideal he set himself to realise was an existence of animal gratification untrammelled by any unpleasant duties. As pope, he took some half hearted stabs at reforming what had become a notoriously corrupt Catholic Church, but he much preferred to … Birth and Education. Pope Julius II (Italian: Papa Giulio II; Latin: Iulius II; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death in 1513. 4) The pope who was called “a demon from Hell” 5) … Ludwig von Pastor, The History of the Popes, Germany. He allegedly had a long love affair with Innocenzo Ciocchi del Monte, his adoptive nephew, which was a cause of public scandal. [12][13] The courtier and poet Girolamo Muzio in a letter of 1550 to Ferrante Gonzaga, governor of Milan, wrote: "They write many bad things about this new pope; that he is vicious, proud, and odd in the head",[14] and the Pope's enemies made capital of the scandal. Glorified in Perugia A patron of the arts, he commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The new pope took the name of Julius III. Pope Julius II, also from a powerful family, is sympathetic to their plight. Paul III died on 10 November 1549, and in the ensuing conclave the forty-eight cardinals were divided into three factions: of the primary factions, the Imperial faction wished to see the Council of Trent reconvened, the French faction wished to see it dropped. Heraldic symbols of Pope Julius III Bologna was the second city of the Papal State but retains very few coats of arms, because in 1797, under the influence of the French Revolution, all signs of the Popes were destroyed. "Julius III". ! Matthias Wivel, our Curator of 16th-century Italian paintings, gives a talk about the portrait of Julius II by Raphael. [4], At the start of his reign Julius had seriously desired to bring about a reform of the Catholic Church and to reconvene the Council of Trent, but very little was actually achieved during his five years in office. [8] In February 1555, an envoy was dispatched from the English Parliament to Julius to inform him of the country's formal submission, but the pope died before the envoy reached Rome. Positions in the Church As rumours began to circle about the particular relationship between the pope and his adoptive nephew, Julius refused to take advice. [11], Poet Joachim du Bellay, who lived in Rome through this period in the retinue of his relative, Cardinal Jean du Bellay, expressed his scandalized opinion of Julius in two sonnets in his series Les regrets (1558), hating to see, he wrote, "a Ganymede with the red hat on his head". His interest in the Society of Jesus (a religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola) influenced him to establish the Collegium Germanicum (1552) to train German priests in Rome under the Jesuits. As pope, he made only reluctant and short-lived attempts at reform, mostly devoting himself to a life of personal pleasure. Following the death of Pope John XII on 9 March 2015, a papal conclave elected Ciano as his successor on 15 March. When his uncle exchanged this see for a position as a Cardinal in 1511, Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte succeeded in Manfredonia in 1512. Julius III, original name Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, (born Sept. 10, 1487, Rome [Italy]—died March 23, 1555, Rome), pope from 1550 to 1555. Distinguished as a effective diplomat, he was elected to the papacy as a compromise candidate. He was a friend of the Jesuits, to whom he granted a fresh confirmation in 1550; and through the papal bull, Dum sollicita of August 1552, he founded the Collegium Germanicum, and granted an annual income.[7]. [1], Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte was born in Monte San Savino. Yet the façade of Palazzo Comunale still shows, disguised as decorations, the symbols of Julius III. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Julius-III, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Pope Julius III. He attempted to stop cardinals from receiving too many benefices and to restore monastic discipline. 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